l Light Source: The light source emits light, which is directed towards the condenser.

l Condenser Lens System: The condenser contains a system of lenses that:

Collects Light: Gathers light from the source and focuses it into a cone of light.  

Directs Light: Directs the cone of light towards the specimen.  

Controls Light Angle: The aperture diaphragm within the condenser controls the angle of the light cone.  

l Specimen Illumination: The focused light illuminates the specimen from below.

l Image Formation: The light interacts with the specimen, and the resulting image is magnified by the objective lens and viewed through the eyepiece.  

By effectively controlling the direction and intensity of the light, the condenser significantly impacts the quality and clarity of the microscopic image. There is a guide about How to Adjust the Condenser for the Microscope you might also want to get.