Pediatric ear infections guide. Pediatric ear infections, also known as otitis media, are a common childhood illness that can cause discomfort and pain for young children. This guide will provide information on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric ear infections to help parents better understand and manage this condition. Causes: Pediatric ear infections are typically caused by bacteria or viruses that infect the middle ear. The middle ear is the space behind the eardrum that contains the small bones that transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear. When the middle ear becomes infected, it can fill with fluid and become inflamed, leading to symptoms such as ear pain, fever, and hearing loss. Common risk factors for pediatric ear infections include: - Age: Children under the age of 2 are more likely to develop ear infections due to their immature immune systems and smaller Eustachian tubes, which can become blocked more easily. - Exposure to smoke: Children who are exposed to cigarette smoke are at a higher risk of developing ea