Glyph of Despair: Seals a low-tier affix, freeing up its slot while preserving it as a "sealed affix." This opens space for Last Epoch gold better stats and is critical in advanced crafting strategies. Sealing is more reliable on Tier 1-2 affixes; Tier 3 is rare, and Tier 4 is nearly impossible.

Glyph of Envy: Converts item stability into timeline progression. Niche use, mostly for speeding up Monolith progression or alt leveling.

Runes

Runes are more powerful than glyphs and often reshape an item entirely.

Rune of Shattering: Destroys an item and converts its affixes into shards. Core tool for stockpiling crafting resources.

Rune of Removal: Removes one random affix but returns all its shards. Very effective on items with only one or two affixes.

Rune of Refinement: Rerolls the numeric values of affixes without changing tiers. Useful for pushing Tier 7 exalted affixes toward their maximum rolls, especially before slamming into uniques.

Rune of Discovery: Adds random affixes to an item with open slots at no FP cost. Fantastic for early-game gearing, but rarely useful at endgame.

Rune of Shaping: Rerolls an item's implicit values. Best used on leveling gear where implicits (like crit multiplier on daggers) can make a big difference.

Rune of Ascendance: Transforms a normal item into a random unique of the same type. Great for target farming non-boss uniques, especially when combined with Circle of Fortune bonuses.

Rune of Weaving: Advances Weaver's Will on special items, instantly applying the random affixes you would normally gain by playing with them. Saves time but doesn't guarantee useful results.

Rune of Havoc: Shuffles the tiers of affixes on an item. This can move a powerful T7 affix into a desirable stat slot, unlocking endgame crafting potential.

Rune of Redemption: Rerolls exalted affixes into different ones. Useful for "fixing" double exalted items with poor stat rolls.

Rune of Creation: The rarest and most powerful rune. It duplicates an item, but sets FP on both copies to zero. Essentially, Last Epoch's version of a Mirror of Kalandra in Path of Exile-reserved for Last Epoch gold for sale the best items you'll ever craft.