Forensic Delay Analysis (FDA) is a specialized process used to investigate, quantify, and explain delays in construction and infrastructure projects. It is an essential tool in resolving disputes, managing claims, and ensuring accountability in complex projects where time overruns can result in significant financial and operational impacts.

The primary goal of forensic delay analysis is to determine the cause and effect relationship between events and their influence on a project’s timeline. Analysts assess whether delays were the result of contractor performance, client changes, unforeseen site conditions, or external factors such as weather or supply chain disruptions.

A typical forensic delay analysis involves a detailed examination of project records, including schedules, correspondence, change orders, site diaries, and progress reports. Advanced scheduling software and critical path method (CPM) techniques are often used to pinpoint when delays occurred, how they affected project milestones, and who was responsible.

Different methodologies are applied depending on the circumstances and available data, such as:

• As-Planned vs. As-Built Analysis – Comparing the original project schedule with actual progress.

• Time Impact Analysis (TIA) – Assessing the effect of specific delay events on the remaining schedule.

• Collapsed As-Built Analysis – Removing delays from the actual schedule to see what completion date could have been achieved.

Forensic delay analysis is not only technical but also requires a strong understanding of contractual obligations. The findings often form the basis for negotiations, legal proceedings, or arbitration, making accuracy and impartiality critical.

As construction projects continue to grow in scale and complexity, forensic delay analysis remains a vital discipline for ensuring that disputes are resolved fairly and that lessons are learned for future project planning and risk management.