Organs-on-chips (OoCs), often referred to as "tissue chips" or "micro physiological systems" (the words are interchangeable), have generated a great deal of attention in recent years because of their potential to provide useful information at various phases of the drug development and discovery process.

These cutting-edge tools could offer insights into healthy organ performance and disease pathology and, more precisely, forecast the efficacy and safety of experimental medications in humans. 

As a result, they are anticipated to complement current in vivo animal research and preclinical cell culture techniques well and, in some situations, eventually replace them.

The complexity of engineering and biology, the ability to demonstrate physiological relevance, and the breadth of applications have all dramatically improved in the last ten years in the field of OoC.

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Different Organs on Chip Technology

Liver Organ on a Chip

The primary location of drug and toxin metabolism is thought to be the hepatic system. The complex hepatic lobules that make up the liver allow for multicellular functional communication.

The rat hepatocytes meant to be grown in the chip can produce albumin consistently and steadily and go through metabolic processes.

Organ on a Chip-Lung

The lung's alveoli, which can be difficult to recreate in vitro, can control how much gas is exchanged there. Microfluidics may build extracorporeal lung models like lung diseases through precise fluid flow and long-lasting gas exchange.

Kidney Organ on a Chip

The kidneys are major organs in charge of maintaining osmotic pressure medication excretion. The irreversible loss of renal infiltration by kidney toxicity emphasizes the necessity for drug screening methods. The renal capsules, glomerulus, and renal tubule are all parts of the nephrons, where filtration and reabsorption typically occur.

Organ on a Chip-Heart 

Microfluidics' development has increased in vitro bionic research on heart tissues. One important part of the heart that can be considered is the myocardium. The beating of the cardiomyocytes, directly tied to the heart's pumping action, can be utilized to evaluate a drug's effects.