Composition and Working Principle of Tower Cranes

A tower crane consists of a base, tower, hoisting, slewing, and luffing mechanisms to achieve vertical lifting of heavy objects, horizontal rotation, and trolley movement. The base and tower support the weight and working load, ensuring stability and safety.

A tower crane is primarily composed of the following parts:

· Base: Including the base plate, diagonal braces, and other components, used to support and fix the tower.

· Tower: Including standard sections, slewing bearing, jib, counterweight arm, and other components, used to support and fix the jib and other working mechanisms.

· Hoisting mechanism: Including the winch, pulley group, and hook, used to achieve vertical lifting of heavy objects.

· Slewing mechanism: Including the electric motor, reducer, small gear, and other components, used to achieve horizontal rotation of the jib and other working mechanisms.

· Luffing mechanism: Including the electric motor, reducer, transmission shaft, and other components, used to achieve trolley movement.

The working principle of a tower crane is as follows:

· The hoisting mechanism winds the steel rope onto the drum through the winch and pulley group, and lifts the heavy object vertically through the movement of the hook.

· The slewing mechanism drives the small gear to mesh with the internal gear of the slewing bearing through the electric motor, reducer, and transmission shaft, achieving horizontal rotation of the jib and other working mechanisms.

· The luffing mechanism drives the luffing small gear to mesh with the luffing large gear through the electric motor, reducer, and transmission shaft, achieving trolley movement.

· The base and tower serve as the supporting structure, bearing the weight and working load of the entire tower crane, ensuring its stability and safety.